Each parent allowed value has an entry named * Default *. This allows you to set child allowed values to be used as a default, when the parent has no other allowed values set. This provides a means of economically setting up allowed values where you have a large number of parent values, with many requiring the same set of child values, and only a few parents needing their own specific set of child values.
Set up the allowed values for the parents where you need a specific set of values. Then set up the child values for the * Default * parent. All other parent values will now adopt the * Default * value children. Also, note that the * None * value on the add and edit screens for a child field will adopt the default children.