When you select a value from a list, the form may bring back data that is dependent on the selected value. For example, if you select a field named Product, then a list in a Module field may be refreshed, showing only the valid entries for the Product selected. These are termed Allowed Value Lists and are maintained by the administrator.
Allowed value lists are an efficient mechanism to make certain that you can only add valid data to a form.
In the case just defined, the Product field is termed the parent and the Module field is termed the child. The parent and child fields may not be select lists. They may also be selection tabs across the screen, or they may be pop-up lists. Pop-up lists are most frequently used when there are a large number of options to choose from, and some searching for the value may need to take place.